# europepmc.references

**stable** **Advanced**

Europe PMC references of a PMID.

`GET /v1/europepmc/references`

## What you get

A list of Europepmc results in Onekey's unified shape, in `data` (an array). An empty array is a normal, successful answer and is charged like any other; a source that reports "nothing found" as an error returns a free `404 not_found` instead.

## What it costs

- **Advanced · 5 credits** for a fresh fetch, charged only when it succeeds.
- **Free when served from cache (0.2 credit for a cached response over 100 KB).**
- **Free** if the request is invalid (never charged) or the source fails or reports not found (refunded).

## Parameters

| Name | Type | Required | Default | What it is | Constraints |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `pmid` | string | yes | (required) | PubMed id (PMID) | max 9 chars; must match `[0-9]{1,9}`; trimmed |

## Request

```bash
curl "https://api.onekey.dev/v1/europepmc/references?pmid=33087721" \
  -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY"
```

```python
import requests

res = requests.get(
    "https://api.onekey.dev/v1/europepmc/references",
    params={"pmid": "33087721"},
    headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"},
)
body = res.json()

if body["success"]:
    print(body["data"])
else:
    print(body["error"]["code"], body["error"]["message"])
```

```javascript
const params = new URLSearchParams({ pmid: "33087721" });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.onekey.dev/v1/europepmc/references?${params}`, {
  headers: { "x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY" },
});
const body = await res.json();

if (body.success) console.log(body.data);
else console.error(body.error.code, body.error.message);
```

## Recorded response

A real Europepmc response, recorded and returned in Onekey's shape. Fields the platform does not provide are `null`.

```json
{
  "success": true,
  "data": [
    {
      "content": {
        "id": "28807998",
        "title": "Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen.",
        "year": 2017
      },
      "author": {
        "displayName": "Pallesen J, Wang N, Corbett KS, Wrapp D, Kirchdoerfer RN, Turner HL, Cottrell CA, Becker MM, Wang L, Shi W, Kong WP, Andres EL, Kettenbach AN, Denison MR, Chappell JD, Graham BS, Ward AB, McLellan JS."
      }
    },
    {
      "content": {
        "id": "26073976",
        "title": "Optimisation of a micro-neutralisation assay and its application in antigenic characterisation of influenza viruses.",
        "year": 2015
      },
      "author": {
        "displayName": "Lin Y, Gu Y, Wharton SA, Whittaker L, Gregory V, Li X, Metin S, Cattle N, Daniels RS, Hay AJ, McCauley JW."
      }
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "platform": "europepmc",
    "endpoint": "references",
    "cached": false,
    "stale": false,
    "age_s": 0,
    "fetched_at": "2026-01-01T12:00:00+00:00",
    "credits_charged": 5,
    "request_id": "7f3a9c2e5b1d4c8fa2e6d0b9c4f18e37"
  },
  "error": null
}
```

## Field mapping

How this endpoint's source fields become Onekey's [unified schema](https://onekey.dev/docs/schema.md). Fields the source lacks come back as `null`.

| Source path | Onekey field | Transform |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `id` | `content.id` | - |
| `title` | `content.title` | - |
| `authorString` | `author.displayName` | - |
| `pubYear` | `content.year` | `toNumber` |

## Caching and freshness

- Fresh for about 1 hour. Repeat calls in that window are served from cache and are free.
- Between 1 hour and 1 day the cached copy is still served instantly and marked `stale: true` while Onekey refreshes it in the background.
- If the source is down when a refresh is needed, the last copy can be served for up to 3 days more (marked stale).
- A "not found" is remembered for 5 minutes and is free.
- The cache is shared across all customers, which is what keeps repeat calls cheap.

## What can go wrong

| Status | Code | What to do |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 401 | `unauthorized` | Check the `x-api-key` header. |
| 402 | `insufficient_credits` | [Add credits](https://onekey.dev/pricing); your balance must cover the price. |
| 404 | `not_found` | Unknown endpoint path. |
| 422 | `invalid_params` | Fix the parameters using the table above. Free. |
| 429 | `rate_limited` | Wait `Retry-After` seconds, then retry. |
| 502 | `upstream_error` | The source failed. Refunded; retry with backoff. |

See [Errors](https://onekey.dev/docs/errors.md) for the full list and retry guidance.

Status: stable (verified against the live source).